UNIT 10: HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AND LONGEVITY
LỐI SỐNG LÀNH MẠNH VÀ TUỔI THỌ
III. Grammar (Lý thuyết)
1. Các trường hợp không lùi thì của câu trực tiếp khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp.
TH1: Câu trực tiếp diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lí hay một thói quen ở hiện tại
Ex1: “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”, the teacher said. → The teacher said that sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
Ex2: “ I always have bread and eggs for breakfast”, Nam said → Nam said that he always has bread and eggs for breakfast.
Ex3: “Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam.”, my father said. → My father said that Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam.
TH2: Câu trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại O, loại II hoặc loại III
Ex1: “If I had a lot of money, I would buy a car”, he said. → He said that if he had a lot of money, he would buy a car.
Ex2: “If yesterday had been Sunday, I would have visited grandma”, Tom said. → Tom said that if yesterday had been Sunday, he would have visited grandma.
TH3: Câu trực tiếp có thời quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn có thời gian cụ thể hoặc thuộc mệnh đề chỉ thời gian.
Ex1: “My mother arrived on Monday”, she said. → She said that her mother arrived on Monday.
Ex2: “My house was built in 1995”, he said. → He said that his house was built in 1995
Ex3: “When I saw them, they were playing tennis”, he said. → He said when he saw them they were playing tennis.
TH4: Câu trực tiếp có cấu trúc quá khứ giả định thì động từ trong mệnh đề giả định sau WISH hoặc AS IF/ AS THOUGH không lùi thì.
Ex: “I wish I were a girl”, Peter said. → Peter said that he wished he were a girl.
TH5: Động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại đơn (says, tells, wonders, ….)
Ex1: "I and you will go with her father tomorrow", he says to me → He tells me (that) he and I will go with her father tomorrow.
2. Lời nói gián tiếp với to-infinitive và danh động từ
Khi chúng ta tường thuật hành động đồng ý, hứa, yêu cầu, đề nghị, khuyên, xin lỗi hoặc gợi ý; chúng ta thường sử dụng mệnh đề to-infinitive hoặc V-ing.
Có 3 hình thức đi với động từ tường thuật sau:
- S + ask/advise/invite/order/remind/tell/warn + O + to-infinitive
- S + agree/offer/promise/refuse/threaten + O + to-infinitive
- S + admit/apologise for/insist on/ suggest + V-ing
Ex: “Would you like me to drive you home” he said.
→ Câu trên là dấu hiệu một lời đề nghị chở ai đó về nhà nên khi tường thuật lại sẽ dùng động từ offer: He offered to drive me home.
Ex: “Don’t lie down” he said.
→ Đây là câu mệnh lệnh nên khi tường thuật lại có thể dùng một trong các động từ tell, ask, order,…: He told me not to lie down.
* Tuy nhiên, trong quá trình làm bài tập các bạn sẽ gặp nhiều động từ tường thuật khác nữa và các bạn phải ghi chép lại để học.
III. Grammar (Bài tập)
Task 1: Read the statements in direct speech. Decide if it is necessary to change the verb tenses in reported speech after reporting verbs in the past tense. Write c (changed) or U (unchanged) in the spacc provided. (Hãy đọc những câu nói trực tiếp dưới đây rồi quyết định xem có cần thiết phải thay đổi thì của động từ khi chuyển sang gián tiếp khi động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ không. Hãy viết C (thay đổi) hoặc U (không thay đổi) vào ô trống cho sẵn)
1. C/U 2. C/U 3. U 4. U
5. U 6. U 7. U 8. C/U
Task 2: Report each statement in 1. Make all possible changes. (Tường thuật lại những câu kể ở bài tập 1. Thay đổi thì nếu có thể)
1. I told him (that) if I drank coffee before bedtime, I couldn't sleep. (C)
I told him (that) if I drink coffee before bedtime, I can't sleep. (U)
2. Dr Quan said (that) we'd boost our immune system if we had a healthy lifestyle. (C)
Dr Quan said (that) we will boost our immune system if we have a healthy lifestyle.(U)
3. John's wife told him (that) it would be nice if he could spend more time with the children. (U)
4. Peter explained to US (that) if Ann called him back, he'd arrange an appointment for her. (U)
5. The travel agent explained to US (that) if we travel to a foreign country, we need a valid passport. (U)
6. My grandmother keeps telling US (that) if we catch a cold, we should try natural remedies before taking any medicine. (U)
7. John told me (that) if he were rich, he'd donate money to charity. (U)
8. Mary's father said (that) Mary / she would recover quickly if she followed the doctor's advice. (C)
Mary's father said (that) Mary / she w ill recover quickly if she follows the doctor's advice. (U)
Task 4: Write the sentences in reported speech, using the reporting verbs in brackets. (Viết thành câu tường thuật dùng động từ tường thuật cho trong ngoặc.)
1. Jack's father advised him not to eat fast food every day.
2. Ann asked Kim to do the dishes for her.
3. The doctor told me to do a 30-minute workout every day.
4. Mai invited Peter to go out for a coffee.
5. Phong apologised for breaking my glasses.
6. Hoa reminded Lan to buy some groceries on the way home.
7. Carol suggested enrolling on a yoga course.
8. John and Max admitted forgetting to submit the assigments the day before.
Task 5: Change the sentences in reported spccch into direct speech. (Hãy đổi những lời nói gián tiếp dưới đây sang lời nói trực tiếp.)
2. "Kim, don't forget to turn off the lights before leaving the house."
Or: "Kim, remember to turn off the lights before leaving the house."
3. "You shouldn't exercise too hard because it's not good for your heart."
4. "Let's have a picnic next weekend."
Or: "Why don't we have a picnic next weekend?"
5. "Don't play near the construction site."
6. "Would you like to spend your summer holidays on my grandparents' farm?"
7. "I'm sorry. I've made lots of mistakes in the report."
Or: " I'm sorry for making lots of mistakes in the report."